From: tabnak.ir
Subject: دستگیری یک خبرنگار در جریان سخنرانی ترامپ
Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2026 06:19:42 +0330
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	boundary="--BC9C736027B63D87303430E128FA4C12_MULTIPART_MIXED";
	type="text/html"
X-MimeOLE: Produced By IRANSAMANEH.COM

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

----BC9C736027B63D87303430E128FA4C12_MULTIPART_MIXED
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://mhtfile/index.html
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----BC9C736027B63D87303430E128FA4C12_MULTIPART_MIXED
Content-Type: image/vnd.microsoft.icon
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Location: http://mhtfile/favicon.ico
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----BC9C736027B63D87303430E128FA4C12_MULTIPART_MIXED--